HYPER TENSION - BLOOD PRESSURE (BP)

WHAT IS HYPER TENSION (HT) 

IT IS COMMONLY KNOWN AS BLOOD PRESSURE (BP).  BLOOD PRESSURE REFERS TO THE FORCE OF BLOOD AGAINST THE BLOOD VESSEL WALLS.  THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE IN ARTERIES IS TERMED AS SYSTOLIC BP AND MINIMUM PRESSURE AS DIASTOLIC BP.

THE NORMAL VALUE OF BP KEEP CHANGING PERIODCIALLY.  THE NORMAL BP SHOULD BE 120 / 80.   BP RANGING 120 – 139 (SYSTOLIC) AND 80 – 89 (DIALOSTOLIC) IS PRE – HYPERTENSION. A PERSON IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE HYPERTENSION IF HIS / HER BP CONSTANTLY STAYS HIGHER THAN NORMAL (140 / 90).

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF HYPERTENSIONS.

1. ESSENTIAL (PRIMARY) HT (95% CASES) DOES NOT HAVE ANY CAUSE IDENTIFIED AND IS MULTI-FACTORIAL, viz., UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE OR STONG FAMILY HISTORY.

2. SECONDARY HT (5% CASES) HAS AN UNDERLYING IDENTIFIABLE DISEASE CONDITION WHICH REQUIRES URGENT MEDICAL ATTTENTION.

WHAT CAUSES HYPERTENSION.

IT IS PRIMARILY EITHER RUNS IN FAMILIES OR IS THE RESULT OF A FAULTY LIFESTYLE.  IT IS DUE TO THE EFFECTS OF AN UNHEALTHY DIET, INADEQUATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SMOKING, STRESS AND OBESITY.  IN A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF CASES, THE PRIMARY DISEASE MAY BE IN ANOTHER ORGAN (MOSTLY KIDNEYS), LEADING TO HT.

WHO IS AT MORE RISK OF GETTING HYERTENSION.

THIS IS BASED ON THE RISK FACTORS WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL IS EXPOSED TO.  THE NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS ARE MALE GENDER, FAMILY HISTORY AND ELDERLY.  

MODIFIABLE FACTORS ARE OBESITY, SMOKING, HIGH BLOOD SUGAR, PHYSICAL INACTIVITY, HIGH FAT DIET AND STRESS.   OBESITY CAUSES HT IN 78% OF MALES AND 65% OF FEMALES.                                                                

SHOULD I NOT HAVE SYMPTOMS, IF I HAVE HIGH BP.

AS HIGH BP TARGETS PARTICULAR ORGANS, IT DOES NOT HAVE IDENTIFIABLE SYMPTOMS.  MOST CASES ARE DETECTED ON ROUTINE EXAMINATION.  IT IS THEREFORE IMPORTANT TO HAVE YOUR BP CHECKED REGULARLY BY YOUR PHYSICIAN. 

SHOULD I BE WORRIED IF I HAVE HYPERTENSION.

LOND STANDING HT, IF NOT PROPERLY TREATED AND CONTROLLED, AFFECTS MAJOR ORGANS.

HOW CAN I CONTROL MY BLOOD PRESSURE.

BP CAN BE CONTROLLED BY ADOPTING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE.  ONE SHOULD:

  • MAINTAIN BODY WEIGHT
  • HAVE A BALANCED DIET WITH RESTRICTED SALT
  • QUIT SMOKING
  • QUIT OR LIMIT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
  • REDUCE STRESS
  • REGULAR MEDITATION
  • TAKE MEDICATIONS IF NECESSARY.

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